Hinge



J. J. GLANZ March v2, 1948.

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J. y. GLANz Marcfh 2, 1948.

HINGE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 7, 1945 s. `Y E M M z um ym .m6 .m H P E 5 fou Rw Patented Mar. 2, 1948 STATES Perser orties-f Joseph J;. Glanz, New Haven, Conn., .assigner toV Aircraft Tools, West. Haven. Coen a. Partner:

Ship

Application August 7, 1945, SeraLNo. 609,436

(Gl. 1,6 Q)

`1,1l claims.

hinge.

Another object ofthlsinven-tion isv to provide improved. hinge-means, formed of simple velements readilyV manufactured r'and readilyv assembled, to. producearr efficient aand: durable construction.

With the above` and;v other objects in View, as will: appear to those. skilled in the art 'from the present disclosure, lthis invention Vincludes all featuresinthesaid disclosure which aren-Ovel over the prior art.

In. the description andfclalms, thevarious parts andy stepsy are. identified :byfspec-ic terms for convenience, but they. are. intended to be .as .generic in .their application. as the prior art will permit.

.In theaccompanying drawings forming part of the .present disclosure, in which certain ways of carrying .out the invention are shown for illustrative purposes:

Fig. l isola front-elevation, With `*part thereof in section` on .line I,-.-..l ofV Fig. 4, of -a hinge .made in accordance with the presenty invention;

Fig. 2 isa sectional. view .on line ,2&2 o .f Fig l;

3.1.5. a View similar to, Fie. 2 but with the hingeopened;

Fig. 1- is a left-endviewofFig, 1f.;

Fig. 5 is a view on line 5v5 of Fig. 1;v

Fig. 6 is a face View of one ofthe hinge-leaves, alone;

Fig. 7- is ra face view of the `other Yhingefleaf, alone; y v

Fig. 8 is a,v viewsimilar to Fig. 1, of the righthand end of Fig. 1 modified to provide different type spring-means; and

Fig, 9,. is a right-end view `of Fig. 8.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 7 inclusive of the drawings showing the particular form of the invention chosenv for illustration therein, the hinge or hinge-.structure I0` is of the concealed type and includes two hinge-leaves or hinge-members II and I2 hinged together by means of five links and I4. are .pivoted to the leaf .II by means of hingepin. or. pivot-pin I5, which links L3. and. t4, are, in turn, pivoted to three .links I6, III. andy t8. by means oiv hinge-pin or pivot-.pin I9, whichjlinks I5, :Il` and. I8 are, in turn, pivoted tothe other leaf I2 by means of hingefpin or pivot-pin 2l). Theleaf II` has twoslotsZl (Fig. 6)., each having/opposite flat parallel sides .22 which neatly slidingly fit against the. opposite parallel flat sides of thelinks lf3. and- .14; adjacent their pivotedconnections with the leaf II.

The. leaf l I also has a. guideway 24, provided with two. opposite guide-slots 27.5 and two opposite lguideffa"ces .267. lThe endv of. the guid-Cway remote. from andr behind face, 2l of the` leaf Ilv is closed. byya plate 231 (Fig. 1) secured `to the leaf II by any. suitable. meansas, for example, by the screws 2li.V rEhe. plate` 28. has twoholes 30( therethrough, each of which is `surrounded by all. 2innularspring-centering boss 34. The linkSfIl, I 'I and I8 are pivotallyconneoted by, afpivot-pin 32 to the two heads 3.3; of two bolts 3,4 Whichextend through the holes 3,@ O f-the plate 2B, and extend through holes 3 5 in anotherrplate 3,6 having annular spring-centering bosses 31 surrounding. the holes 35., with a coil-slorng` 38 on eachboltv4 in centered relation by the bosses SI and 351 and with rnuts '35i` threaded on the outer lenolsoi. the bolts` 3;@5. The opposite endsv of. the: pivot-@Q32 'are sli-dabl-y guided in the guide-slots kThe at vparallel sides ofthe links I, IT and [3, and of the holz@headsditA neatlyslidingly iill thespace between the opposed side vguide-walls"Z6"of the -guideway 2,4 oi the 4leaf Il..

'lhe leaf I2-ha`s;afs1oft 45, whoseI opposite ypar-- -al'lel fetes 4l neatly ebly fit eget lli., OI"- posite parallel side'fac'es of the link I 'l /Whichis Ilai-voted the sloty 4Q to the leaf I2, and has two slots 42 each of whose opposite rllar'allely faces 43 neatly slidablyiitfag-inst the'opposit'e llyfagllel side faces of the .links 'I Sand I3 whichare pivoted inthe" 'slots tato the leaf lez, 'rhelieaf 12 also has'a guideway 44 provided with Atwo "Opposite guide-slots 45, and opposite` guideffaces. 46.

The links t3 and I4l arefpivotally connected by means of a' pivot-,pin 4l to the headI 48 of abolt orkscrew 43. The opposite flat parallel side lTastes of the linlgs I3 and I4 and of the head '43` neatly slidably lit between the two opposed side guidefaces 46 ofthe guideway 44 and the'opposite ends of .the pivot-.pin 4f! are slidably guided in the guide-slots 45.

A check or door check 5,0 which acts in the manner ef dash-.eet eine., doer-Cheeks 'erhelyiee e 1.111111@ te' @-Qntrelleblv resiste@ closing. eetie'bf the springs 38, includes a block i which is removably secured to the end of the leaf l2 remote from and behind face 52 in any suitable Way as, for example, by means of the two socket-head cap-screws 53.

The block 5| is provided with a cylinder or cylindrical bore 54 in which slidably ts a piston 55 carried or formed on the end of a pistonrod 55 which has a threaded axial hole 51 by which it is screw-threadedly connected to the screw-threaded end 58 of the bolt 49 which has its head 48 pivoted to the pivot-pin 41. The piston-rod 55 extends slidably through a soft compressible washer 59 which may, for example, be of neoprene, and which is held compressed between a metal washer 58 and a metal guide-nut 5| so that the washer 59 makes a liquid-tight sliding-rit joint around the outer cylindrical surface of the piston-rod 55. The cylindrical bore 55 of the block 5| is provided with a tapered V- shape groove 52, and a groove 53, for purposes to be hereinafter explained. The piston 55 is provided with a central bore 54 at one end, of a diameter to slidably receive a valve-ball 55, and has a reduced bore 55 leading inwardly from the bore 54 and connecting with two angular passages or holes 51 opening into the annular space 58 behind the piston 55. A conical valveseat 59 at the inner or rear end of the bore 54 permits the ball 55 to close the passage through the holes 55 and 51. Two slots 18 at right angles to each other, provide means for rapid passage of liquid from the annular space 58 behind the piston 55, through the passages 51, 55 and 64 when the ball 55 is oi of its seat 59. The ball 55 is held from coming out of the bore 54 by means of end portions 1I of the end of the piston 55 adjacent the front end of the bore 54 being peened over suciently to prevent the ball 55 from coming completely out of the bore 54, and yet permitting a small amount of longitudinal movement of the ball in accomplishing its valveclosing and -opening actions.

The space 12 is front of the piston 55 is connected by means of passages 13, 14 andr15 to the annular space 58 at the rear of the piston 55. The right-hand end (Fig. 1) of the passage 14 is provided with a conical valve-seat 15 against which seats a conical end 11 of a socket-head leakage-control or needle-valve screw 18 which is threadedly adjustable through a guide-nut 19 which holds a washer 80 of compressible material such, for example, as neoprene, compressed in huid-tight engagement with the screw 18. A hexagon socket 8l in the screw 18 is available for adjustment through the iront face 52 of the leaf I2 (Fig. 5).

The piston 55 is preferably given a t suciently close with the bore 54 to not provide suiiicient leakage past the piston to permit proper closure of the door or other member on which the hinge is employed, and, therefore, additional leakage is provided by proper adjustment of the screw 18 back away from the conical seat 15 to provide just the proper degree of total leakage from the space 12 in front of the piston 55 to the annular space 58 at the rear of the piston to provide proper closing speed for the door. Also, the tapered groove 52 in the cylindrical bore 54 permits a larger'r amount of leakage of liquid past the piston at the start of the closing movement of the door, and as the piston travels further along the bore 54, it reaches a smaller portion of the tapered groove 52 which thus decreases the leakage, thus increasing the hydraulic resistance or dash-pot resistance against the closing action of the springs. Finally, when the door has almost reached its closed position corresponding to the positions of the parts illustrated in Fig. 1, the piston 55 will have traveled beyond the rear end 82 of the groove 53 to thus cause a sudden drop in the resistance to the leakage, or, in other words, a sudden increase in leakage, to thereby permit the spring-means to accomplish the final portion of the closing movement of the door. During this closing movement or" the door, the piston 55 will move from its position in Fig. 3 to that in Fig. 2 and will thus cause the ball 55 to be forced against its seat 69 by the liquid to thus completely block the passage of liquid through the passages 55 and 51 to the rear o the piston. When the door is swung open from the position of Fig. 2 to Fig. 8, the liquid in the annular` space 58 at the rear of the piston 55 will 'push against the ball 55, moving it out to its outermost position against the peened-over portions 11, to thus permit substantially free unrestricted flow of the liquid from the rear of the piston to the front of the piston, thus not checking or inhibiting the opening action of the door in any substantial degree, the only inhibiting action against the opening of the door being the compressing action which takes place in the springs 38.

In the modiiied form of the invention illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9, a modication of the spring-means is shown for actuating the hinge. Instead of employing coiled springs such as 35 illustrated in Figs. l to 3, three pairs of bowed leaf-springs 85 are mounted on a bolt 84 which extends through a hole 85 in a plate 35a and has its head 85 pivoted to the pivot-pin 52 between the spaced-apart ears 81 of the link 11a, which ears 81 are also pivotally connected to the pivotpin 32. Cylindrical spacer-sleeves 88 having parallel end or side faces, are mounted on the pivotpin 52 in place of the heads 33 of the bolts 32 of the form of the invention shown in Fig. 1. A nut 39 is threaded on the end of the bolt 84 to engage against the outermost of the leaf-springs 83. A casing or housing 89 which may be of sheet metal, has an interior width just sufficiently larger than the width of the leaf-springs 85 to permit them to slide freely during their springaction movements, thus facilitating holding the leaf-springs 83 in aligned position. The casing 89 may be connected to plate 35a in any suitable way as, for example, by spot-welding or brazing it thereto, or by making it integral therewith.

In employing hinge-means or constructions in accordance with the present invention such, for example, as the hinge shown in Fig. 1, on a door, a recess would be made in the rear edge of the door, of sucient size and depth to accommodate the leaf I2 together with the check 50, with the face or front face 52 of the leaf i2 at or below the plane of the rear edge of the door. And the leaf Il, together with the springs 38 and related parts, would be mounted in a recess made in the casing at the rear edge of the door, with the face or front face 21 of the leaf H at or below the plane of the edge-face of the casing at the rear edge of the door, the two leaves Hand l2 being hinged together as hereinbeiore fully explained. The leaves H and l2 would be secured to the door and door-casing in a way well known to those skilled in the art, by screWs or bolts e11- gaging-in the countersunk holes 55 of the leaves of the hinge.

Assuming the door to be in closed position, in

which the hinge would be in the kposition illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, if now the door is swung open to a right-angle position such as illustrated in Fig. 3, the springsv 38 will be compressed as illustrated in Fig. 3,y and as the piston 55 moves from its position shown in Figs. 1 and 2 to that shown in Fig. 3, the ball 6.5 will be pushed off its seat by the liquid which rushes. without .substantial resistance from the annular space 63 behind the piston 55 through the passages 67, 63 and 64 into the space I2 in front of the piston 55, Without. producing substantially any checking or resisting action to the opening .of the door, the only resistance being the compressing action against the springs 38. If now the. door is permitted tov swing shut, the springs 38 in their` effort to move from their compressed position illustrated in Fig. 3 totheir expanded position illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, start to swing the door from the position illustrated in Fig. 3 to.

that illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. At the start of this movement, the tapered groove 62 permits an ample but gradually-decreasing amount of leakage of the fluid from the space I2 in front of the piston 55 to the space 68 behind the piston, so that at the very start of the closing movement of the door little or no checking action occurs, but later on, a gradual increasing degree of checking action occurs until the piston moves sufciently far beyond its position illustrated in Fig. 3, when maximum checking action occurs due to the fact that here is only a small leakage past the outer cylindrical surface of the piston, and such additional leakage as is purposely per-- mitted by the needle-valve screw "I8, Finally, after the door has been slowly swung through most of its final movement by the expanding action of the springs 33, the piston 55 reaches a location where its rear edge passes beyond the rear end 82 of the groove 63., whereupon asudden increase of leakage from the space 'I2 in front of the piston 5,5 to the space E8 behind the piston occurs in such amount as to substantially eliminate or greatly reduce the checking action, whereupon the expansion of the springs 38 produces.

the final closing movement of the door. And of course it will be evidentl that the action will be essentially'the same, whether the construction employs the coil springs illustrated in Figs. 1, 2

and 3, or the leaf springs illustrated in Figs. 8i 50 the spring action and the check action after the manner illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, it will be appreciated that where a door has two or three or more hinges, one or more of such hinges could have both the spring action and the check action, andj one or more of the others could have the spring action only or the check action only. Or o neor more of the hinges could have a spring action only, and one or rmore of the other hinges could have the check action only. These different constructions could be-v readily provided bymodifyingy the construction illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 by, for example, leaving olf the springs, or by leaving off the check. If in leaving off the springs it is desired to also omit all their associated parts such as the bolts 3d, then upon removal of the bolts, spacer-collars such as 88 of Fig. 8, of the same width and having parallel faces similar to the heads 33 of the bolts 34 would .be substituted in. place of the latter upon the pivot-pin 32. Similarly, if the bolt 49 of the check were to be removed. alongl with the check', then 4a similar spacerecollarof the same width and with'` parallel faces corresponding to thehead 4:8 ofthe bolt 49 would be substitutedl for the latter; upon the pivot-pin-H.

Ordinarily, it is easy to get all the checking action needed for an ordinary door by employing a single check, and therefore it would ordinarily only be necessary toy employ one check along with springs on one hinge of a door, and the other hinge or the other twoV hinges of the door could have the spring action only, without any check.

Regardless of the constantly changing angular positions of the links I6, I'I', I8, I3 and I4 during the opening and closing movementsv of the hinge, the guide-slots 25 and 45 ensure that the axis of the pivot-pin 32 which is pulled by. the boltheads 33;, will travel in a plane containing the axesl of the bolts 3.4 and that the axis of the pivot-pin 4:1 which pushes the head i3V of the bolt 43, will travel in aV plane containing the axis of the bolt 49 and the piston-rod 5.6. It will also be observed that as the links I6., I'I and I8 and the bolt-heads 3.3 (or spacer-sleeves when they are employed)v all have parallel sides neatly and slidably fitting between the two opposed parallel surfaces 26 of the guideway 24v of the leaf IVI, that great strength and perfection of action of the hinge in resisting the downward pulling stress due to the weight of the door, is accomplished. In a similar manner, the links I3 and I4 and the bolthead 48 neatly and slidably fit between the opposed parallel faces 43 of the guideway 44 of the leaf I2 to thus effectively resist the downward stress due to the weight of the door.

Where rst and secondV hinge-leaves or other parts are referred to in the claims, there is no signiiicance to the woods first and second other than for purposes of .identication as between two similar parts.

The inventionv may be carried out in other speciflcv ways than those herein set forth without departing from the-spirit and essential characteristics ofitheinvention, and the present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and all changes coming within the mean-ing and equivalency range of the appended. claims are intended to be embraced therein.

I claim:

1 Hinge-means including: a pair of hingeleaves each havin-g` a face, andv said leaves hinged together to provide hinging-movement toward and from a closed position; spring-means adaptedto move said leaves. toward said closed position; and: check-means locatedl between the top and bottom and behind said facev of, and supported by one of said leaves :and employing liquid actuated by a piston having a direction of movement substantiallyv at right langles to said: face of ythe leaf, by which leaf said check-means is-supported, and adapted to controllably resist the closing-action of said spring-means.

2. Hinge-means including: a pair of first and second hinge-leaves each having a face, and sai-d leaves hinged together to provide hinging-.movement toward and from a closed position; a springmeans adapted to move said leaves toward said closed position; check-means located behind said face of said second leaf; link-means connected to said first leaf and having an operating-portion movable in opposite directions transversely of and behind said face of said second leaf; connecting-rod means connected to said checkmeans and having a pivot-connection with said operating-portion.; said second leaf having guldemeans adapted, to guide said pivot-.connection to cause its center to move in substantially a straight line; :and said check-means and its connections adapted to controllably resist the closing-action of said spring-means.

3. Hinge-means including: a pair of first and second hinge-leaves each having a face, and said leaves hinged together to provide hinging-movement of said leaves toward land from a closed position; spring-means located behind said face of said rst leaf; rst link-means connected to said second leaf and having a first operating-portion movable in opposite directions transversely of and behind said face of said first leaf; rst connecting-rod means connected to said springmeans and having a rst pivot-connection with said first operating-portion; said first leaf having guide-means adapted to guide said first pivot-f connection to cause its center to move in substantially a straight line; check-means located behind said face of said second leaf; second link-means connected to sai-d first leaf and having la second operating-portion movable in opposite directions transversely of and behind said face of said second leaf; second connecting-rod means connected to said check-means and having a second pivot-connection with said second operating-portion; said second leaf having guide-means adapted to guide said second pivot-connection to cause its center to move in substantially a straight line.

4. Hinge-means including: a pair of first and second hinge-leaves each having a face, and said leaves hinged together to provide hinging-movement of said leaves toward and from a closed position; spring-means comprising a pliu'ality of side-by-side coil-springs located behind said face of said first leaf; rst link-means connected to said second leaf and having a first operating-prtion movable in opposite directions transversely of and behind said face of said first leaf; first connecting-rod means connected to said springmeans and having a rst pivot-connection with said first operating-portion; said first leaf having guide-means adapted to guide said iirst pivotconnection to cause its center to move in substantially a straight line; check-means located behind said face of said second leaf; second linkmeans connected to said first leaf :and having a second operating-portion movable in opposite directions transversely of and behind said face of said second leaf; second connecting-rod means connected to said check-means and having a second pivot-connection with said :second operatingportion; said second leaf having guide-means adapted to guide said second pivot-connection to cause its center to move in substantially a straight line.

5. Hinge-means including: a pair of first and second hinge-leaves each having a face, and said leaves hinged together to provide hinglng-movement of said leaves toward and from a closed position; spring-means comprising bowed leafspring means located behind said face of said rst leaf; first link-means connected to said second leaf and having a rst operating-portion movable in oppo-site directions transversely of and behind said face of said rst leaf; iirst connecting-rod means connected to said spring-means and having a first pivot-connection with said rst operating-portion; said first leaf having guide-means adapted to guide said first pivot-connection to cause its center to move in substantially a straight line; check-means located behind said face of said second leaf; second link-means connected to said first leaf :and having a second operating-portion movable in opposite directions transversely of and behind said face of said second leaf; second connecting-rod means connected to said check-means and having a second pivot-'connection with said second operating-portion; said second leaf having guide-means adapted to guide said second pivot-connection to cause its center to vmove in substantially a straight line.

6. Hinge-means including: a pair of first and second hinge-leaves each having a face, and said leaves hinged together to provide hinging-movement toward and from a closed position; springmeans located behind said face of said rst leaf; link-means connected to said second leaf and having an operating-portion movable in opposite directions transversely of and behind said face of said first leaf; connecting-rod means connected to said spring-means and having a pivot-connection With said operating-portion; said rst leaf having guide-means adapted to guide said pivot-connection to cause its center to move in substantially a straight line; and said spring-means and its connections adapted to move said leaves toward said closed position.

7. Hinge-means including: a pair of first and second hinge-leaves each having a face, and said leaves hinged together to provide hinging-movement toward and from a closed position; springmeans comprising a plurality of side-by-side coilsprings located behind said face of said rst leaf; link-means connected to said second leaf and having an operating-portion movable in opposite directions transversely of and behind said face of said rst leaf; connecting-rod means connected to said vspring-means and having a pivot-connection with said operating-portion; said first leaf having guide-means adapted to guide said pivotconnection to cause its center to move in substantially a straight line; and said spring-means and its connections adapted to move said leaves toward said closed position.

8. Hinge-means including: a pair of first and second hinge-leaves each having a face, and said leaves hinged together to provide hinging-movement toward and from a closed position; springmeans comprising bowed leaf-spring means located behind said face of said rst leaf; linkmeans connected to said second leaf and having an operating-portion movabie in opposite directions transversely of and behind said face of said first leaf; connecting-rod means connected to said spring-means and having a pivot-connection with said operating-portion; said rst leaf having guide-means adapted to guide said pivot-connection to cause its center to move in substantially a straight line; and said spring-means and its connections adapted to move said leaves toward said closed position.

9. Hinge-means including: a pair of hingeleaves each having a face, and said leaves hinged together to provide hinging-movement toward and from a closed position; and check-means located betvveen the top and bottom and behind said face of, and supported by one of said leaves and employing liquid actuated by a piston having a direction ofV movement substantially at right angles to said face of the leaf, by which leaf said check-means is supported, and adapted to controllably resist closing-movement of said hingemeans.

10. Hinge-means including: a pair of rst and second hinge-leaves each having a face, and said leaves hinged together to provide hinging-movement toward and from a closed position; checkmeans located between the top and bottom and behind said face of, and supported bysaid second leaf and employing liquid actuated by a. piston having a direction of movement substantially at right angles to said face of the leaf, by which leaf said check-means is supported, and adapted to controllably resist closing-movementl of said hinge-means; said check-means including adjustable leakage-control valve-means for said liquid, and adjusting-means for said valve-means adjustable by means of an opening through said face of said second leaf.

11. Hinge-means including: a pair of iirst and second hinge-leaves each having a face, and said leaves hinged together to provide hinging-movement toward and from a closed position; checkmeans located behind said face of said second leaf; link-means connected to said first leaf and having an operating-portion movable in opposite directions transversely of and behind said face of said second leaf; connecting-rod means connect- 10 ed to said check-means and having a pivot-connection with said operating-portion; said second leaf having guide-means adapted to guide said pivot-connection to cause its center to move in substantially a straight line; and said checkmeans and its connection-s adapted to control- -lably resist closing-movement of said hingemeans. A

JOSEPH J. GLANZ.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are oi' record in the ille of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS f Number Name Date 663,504 Laureyns Dec. 11, 1900 882,721 Soss Mar. 24, 1908 1,975,430 Mitchell Oct. 2r 1934 

